PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the final seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.